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Kinesthesia

Perception of movement of body parts, closely related to proprioception and sensory input from muscles...

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Klippel-Feil syndrome

Klippel-Feil syndrome is a congenital condition characterized by fusion of at least two cervical vertebrae....

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Kümmell disease

Delayed vertebral collapse after fracture, often associated with nonunion and an intravertebral cleft, frequently in...

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Kyphoplasty

Vertebral augmentation procedure usually using a balloon before cement injection into a fractured vertebra.Lire cette...

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Kyphosis

Backward-convex spinal curve normally present in the thoracic region; the curve may become excessive.Lire cette...

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Laminectomy

Surgery removing part or all of a vertebral lamina to enlarge the space available for...

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Laser therapy

Therapeutic use of laser light; effects and precautions depend on the device, dose and indication.Lire...

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Lateral recess

Side portion of the spinal canal through which a nerve root travels before exiting through...

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Lateral recess stenosis

Narrowing of the lateral portion of the spinal canal through which a nerve root travels.Lire...

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Ligament healing

Repair of an injured ligament through inflammatory, proliferative and remodeling phases, with variable duration and...

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Ligamentum flavum

Elastic ligament connecting adjacent vertebral laminae. Thickening can contribute to narrowing of the spinal canal.Lire...

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Lordosis

Forward-convex spinal curve normally present in the cervical and lumbar regions.Lire cette fiche en françaisIn...

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Low back pain

Pain in the lower back. This symptom has many possible causes and does not necessarily...

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Lumbar disc herniation

Herniation of a lower-back disc, potentially causing back pain or symptoms associated with a nerve...

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Lumbarization of S1

Segmentation variant in which the first sacral segment retains lumbar-like characteristics and mobility.Lire cette fiche...

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Magnetic resonance imaging

Imaging using magnetic fields and radio waves, particularly useful for discs, the spinal cord and...

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Magnetic susceptibility artifact

MRI distortion or signal loss caused by local magnetic susceptibility differences, particularly near metal, air...

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Manual therapy

Hands-on techniques applied to joints or soft tissues and integrated into care as appropriate.Lire cette...

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Massage therapy

Use of hands-on soft-tissue techniques for relaxation, comfort or symptom management.Lire cette fiche en françaisIn...

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Mass effect

Mass effect is a change in the position or shape of a structure caused by...

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Mechanical pain

Pain whose intensity changes with movement, posture or loading; this pattern does not identify a...

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Mechanoreception

Detection of mechanical stimuli such as pressure, stretch or vibration by receptors that convert them...

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Mechanotransduction

Conversion of mechanical forces into biochemical cellular responses, contributing to tissue adaptation to its environment.Lire...

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Meningocele

Malformation in which meninges and cerebrospinal fluid protrude through a spinal defect, without spinal cord...

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Meyerding grade

The Meyerding grade classifies how far one vertebra has slipped relative to the vertebra below...

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Neck pain

Pain located in the neck, with or without associated upper-limb symptoms.Lire cette fiche en françaisIn...

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Nerve compression

Pressure on a nerve or nerve root that can affect its function depending on severity...

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Nerve conduction

Nerve conduction is the propagation of electrical signals along nerve fibres, enabling sensory and motor...

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Nerve conduction study

Test measuring a nerve’s response to electrical stimulation to assess aspects of its function.Lire cette...

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Nerve root

Bundle of nerve fibres connecting the spinal cord with a spinal nerve. Injury can produce...

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Neurodynamics

Neurodynamics concerns the relationships between movement, mechanical loading and neural function. Clinical tests and exercises...

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Neurogenic claudication

Leg pain, heaviness or weakness triggered by walking or standing, often relieved by sitting or...

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Neurogenic shock

Acute circulatory state caused by loss of sympathetic control, potentially combining hypotension and bradycardia after...

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Neurological deficit

Measurable impairment of nervous-system function, such as strength, sensation, reflexes or coordination.Lire cette fiche en...

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Neurological examination

Assessment of nervous-system functions, including strength, sensation, reflexes, coordination and gait as appropriate.Lire cette fiche...

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Odontoid fracture

Fracture of the axis dens, classified partly by fracture location and potentially compromising upper cervical...

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Odontoid process

The odontoid process, or dens, is an upward bony projection of the second cervical vertebra....

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Opioid

Drug acting on opioid receptors to alter pain, with risks including sedation, dependence and respiratory...

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Osmosis in the intervertebral disc

Water movement related to concentration differences and disc-matrix properties, contributing to hydration and load response.Lire...

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Ossification of the ligamentum flavum

Ossification of the ligamentum flavum is bone formation within a ligament connecting adjacent vertebral laminae...

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Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament

Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament is bone formation within the ligament behind the vertebral...

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Osteoarthritis

Whole-joint disorder involving changes in cartilage, bone and other tissues, potentially causing pain or stiffness.Lire...

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Osteolysis

Localized reduction or destruction of bone, seen as tissue loss or reduced density depending on...

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Osteopathy

Manual-care approach focusing on assessment and body function; professional training and status vary across jurisdictions.Lire...

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Osteophyte

Bony outgrowth that can develop near a joint or vertebral endplate during degenerative change.Lire cette...

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