F

Facet joint

Small joint at the back of the spine connecting neighbouring vertebrae and guiding movement.Lire cette...

Facet joint syndrome

Pain pattern attributed to spinal facet joints, whose confirmation may require clinical assessment and targeted...

Fat suppression

MRI techniques that reduce fat signal to improve distinction of selected tissues or abnormalities.Lire cette...

Femoral nerve

Lower-limb nerve involved in knee extension and sensation over the front of the thigh, among...

Femoral nerve pain

Pain radiating mainly into the front of the thigh in a distribution related to the...

Fibrosis

Increased formation of fibrous or scar tissue after injury, inflammation or an intervention.Lire cette fiche...

Filum terminale

Slender fibrous strand extending downward from the conus medullaris and contributing to the lower anchoring...

Flatback syndrome

Sagittal alignment disorder characterized by loss of lumbar lordosis that may make standing upright difficult...

Flexion-extension radiographs

Flexion-extension radiographs are X-ray images obtained in different positions, usually while bending forward and backward....

Foot drop

Difficulty lifting the front of the foot due to muscle weakness; a new or progressive...

G

Gabapentinoids

Drug class including gabapentin and pregabalin, used for selected neurological indications; they are not appropriate...

Gadolinium-based contrast agent

Agent used in selected MRI examinations to alter tissue signal and improve visibility of structures...

Gate control theory

Historical model proposing that spinal circuits modulate nociceptive transmission according to sensory inputs and descending...

Golgi tendon organ

Sensory receptor at the muscle–tendon junction providing information related to tension in the musculotendinous unit.Lire...

H

Hangman fracture

Bilateral fracture through the C2 pars region, sometimes associated with C2–C3 displacement and disc-ligament injury.Lire...

Hemivertebra

Congenital malformation in which part of a vertebral body does not develop normally, producing a...

Hyperalgesia

Hyperalgesia describes an increased painful response to stimulation that is ordinarily painful. It is a...

Hyperintensity

Hyperintensity means that an area appears brighter on MRI than a reference tissue. Its significance...

Hyperkyphosis

Excessive posterior-convex spinal curvature, usually thoracic, which may be postural or structural.Lire cette fiche en...

Hypoesthesia

Reduced sensitivity to stimulation, assessed as part of a neurological examination.Lire cette fiche en françaisIn...

Hypointensity

Hypointensity means that an area is relatively dark on an MRI image. It describes an...

I

Idiopathic scoliosis

Scoliosis for which no specific cause is identified after assessment, most often appearing during adolescent...

Iliolumbar ligament

Ligament connecting mainly the L5 transverse process to the iliac crest and contributing to lumbosacral...

Imaging artifact

An imaging artifact is a feature that does not faithfully represent the underlying anatomy. It...

Incidental finding

Abnormality discovered during an investigation that is not necessarily related to the symptoms prompting it.Lire...

Inflammation

Biological tissue response to injury, infection or disease that may cause pain, warmth, redness or...

Inflammatory pain

Pain related to an inflammatory process. Certain back-pain patterns warrant investigation for spondyloarthritis or another...

Interspinous ligament

The interspinous ligament is fibrous tissue connecting adjacent spinous processes. It contributes to the posterior...

Intertransverse ligaments

Ligaments connecting transverse processes of adjacent vertebrae and contributing to the restraint of some lateral...

Intervertebral disc

Fibrocartilaginous structure between adjacent vertebral bodies that distributes loads and contributes to spinal movement.Lire cette...

Intervertebral disc collagen

Collagen fibers within the disc matrix, contributing to mechanical strength and organization of the annulus...

J

Jefferson fracture

Fracture of the atlas ring, often related to axial loading, with stability depending partly on...

Joint mobilization

Controlled passive movement applied to a joint, generally without a rapid thrust.Lire cette fiche en...