A

Action potential

Brief regenerative change in membrane potential that allows an excitable cell to transmit an electrical...

Acupuncture

Technique usually involving insertion of fine needles at body sites; indications and benefits vary by...

Acute pain

Recent-onset pain, often associated with an event or tissue injury; its duration and course depend...

Adhesive arachnoiditis

Inflammation and scarring of the arachnoid that may cause nerve-root adhesions and persistent neurological symptoms.Lire...

Adjacent segment disease

Symptoms attributed to changes in a spinal segment next to a fusion, distinct from imaging...

Alar ligaments

Paired ligaments connecting the sides of the dens to the occipital region and helping limit...

Allodynia

Pain triggered by a stimulus that is normally not painful, such as light touch.Lire cette...

Analgesic

Medication intended to reduce pain without necessarily treating its cause.Lire cette fiche en françaisIn this...

Ankylosing spondylitis

Form of axial spondyloarthritis with characteristic sacroiliac changes visible on radiographs.Lire cette fiche en françaisIn...

Annular fissure

Separation of fibres within the disc annulus. It may appear on MRI without necessarily explaining...

B

Baastrup disease

Close contact between neighbouring spinous processes, sometimes associated with midline pain worsened by extension.Lire cette...

Basivertebral nerve ablation

Procedure targeting the basivertebral nerve in selected patients with vertebrogenic pain and specific clinical and...

Bertolotti syndrome

Low back pain attributed to a lumbosacral transitional vertebra after assessment; this anatomical variant is...

Biopsychosocial approach

Framework considering biological, psychological and social factors influencing pain, function and care.Lire cette fiche en...

Bone density T-score

Number of standard deviations separating measured bone mineral density from the mean of a young-adult...

Bone density Z-score

Number of standard deviations separating measured bone density from an expected mean for a comparable...

Bone marrow edema

Bone marrow edema describes an imaging pattern compatible with increased water in the tissue inside...

Bone remodeling

Renewal of bone through coordinated resorption and formation, contributing to maintenance and adaptation.Lire cette fiche...

Bone scintigraphy

Nuclear medicine examination showing skeletal radiotracer distribution, related partly to bone turnover and blood supply.Lire...

Bone sclerosis

Increased apparent density or mineralization of a bone region on imaging, which can reflect different...

C

Cauda equina

Bundle of nerve roots below the end of the spinal cord, serving the legs and...

Cauda equina syndrome

Dysfunction of multiple lumbosacral nerve roots that may involve bladder disturbance, saddle sensory loss and...

Central canal of the spinal cord

Small longitudinal channel in the center of the spinal cord, lined by ependymal cells and...

Central cord syndrome

Incomplete cervical spinal cord injury syndrome generally characterized by greater motor impairment in the upper...

Central sensitization

Increased responsiveness of central nervous-system circuits involved in processing nociceptive signals.Lire cette fiche en françaisIn...

Central stenosis

Narrowing of the central spinal canal, potentially affecting multiple neural structures depending on the level.Lire...

Cerebrospinal fluid

Clear fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord in the subarachnoid spaces and present within...

Cerebrospinal fluid circulation

Production, movement and clearance of cerebrospinal fluid between the ventricles and spaces around the brain...

Cervical disc herniation

Herniation of a neck disc that may affect an arm nerve root or, in some...

Cervical facet dislocation

Loss of normal alignment at one or both cervical facet joints, usually traumatic and often...

D

Deconditioning

Decline in physical capacity, such as endurance or strength, following inactivity or illness.Lire cette fiche...

Deep cervical flexor muscles

Deep anterior cervical muscles, particularly longus colli and longus capitis, contributing to control of neck...

Deep tendon reflex

Automatic muscle response elicited by tapping a tendon, used to assess particular neural pathways.Lire cette...

Degenerative scoliosis

Adult scoliotic deformity related to asymmetric disc and joint degeneration, sometimes developing after skeletal maturity.Lire...

Denticulate ligaments

Lateral extensions of the pia that connect the spinal cord to the dura and help...

Depolarization

Shift in membrane potential toward a less negative value that may bring an excitable cell...

Dermatome

Skin region supplied mainly by one spinal nerve root. These territories overlap and vary between...

Descending pain modulation

Influence of brain and brainstem circuits on spinal processing of nociceptive information, which can inhibit...

Diagnostic block

Targeted injection, usually of local anaesthetic, used to investigate whether a structure contributes to pain.Lire...

Differential diagnosis

Process of comparing possible causes of a set of symptoms and clinical findings.Lire cette fiche...

E

Edema

Excess fluid accumulation in tissue. Its imaging distribution can guide interpretation without alone establishing a...

Electromyography

Test of muscle electrical activity, often combined with nerve-conduction studies to investigate neuromuscular disorders.Lire cette...

Endoscopic discectomy

Removal of disc material using an endoscope and instruments inserted through a small access route.Lire...

EOS imaging

Biplanar radiographic system enabling weight-bearing acquisition with reduced dose in some protocols and suitable geometric...

Epidural abscess

Collection of pus in the epidural space that may compress neural structures; suspected cases require...

Epidural fibrosis

Scar tissue formation in the epidural space, especially after surgery; its presence does not prove...

Epidural injection

Injection of medication into the epidural space around neural structures for a specific indication using...

Epidural lipomatosis

Excess epidural fat that may reduce the space available for neural structures.Lire cette fiche en...

Epidural space

The epidural space lies between the spinal dura mater and the wall of the spinal...

Erector spinae muscles

Longitudinal back muscle group including iliocostalis, longissimus and spinalis, involved in trunk support and extension.Lire...