P

Paget disease of bone

Paget disease of bone is a localized disorder of bone turnover in which breakdown and...

Paraplegia

Motor impairment affecting the lower limbs, generally related to neurological injury, with variable severity and...

Paresthesia

Abnormal sensation, such as tingling or pins and needles, occurring spontaneously or with stimulation.Lire cette...

Pars interarticularis

Bony portion of the vertebral arch between the superior and inferior articular processes, also known...

Pelvic incidence

Anatomical angle between the perpendicular to the upper S1 endplate at its midpoint and the...

Pelvic incidence–lumbar lordosis mismatch

Difference between pelvic incidence and lumbar lordosis, used to assess their relationship in sagittal alignment...

Pelvic tilt

Angle describing pelvic orientation relative to vertical, measured using the sacral endplate and femoral-head axis.Lire...

Perimedullary cerebrospinal fluid effacement

Reduction or loss of the normally visible cerebrospinal fluid rim around the cord on selected...

Peripheral neuropathy

Disorder of one or more nerves outside the brain and spinal cord, potentially causing sensory...

Peripheral sensitization

Peripheral sensitization is increased responsiveness of nociceptive neurons outside the central nervous system, accompanied by...

Q

Quadratus lumborum muscle

Deep posterior abdominal wall muscle linking the pelvis, lumbar transverse processes and twelfth rib.Lire cette...

R

Radicular pain

Pain related to irritation of a nerve root or its ganglion, which may radiate into...

Radiculopathy

Nerve root dysfunction that may affect strength, sensation or reflexes. It is distinct from radicular...

Radiofrequency ablation

Procedure using radiofrequency energy to alter targeted tissue, including selected nerve fibres involved in pain.Lire...

Range of motion

Extent of movement available at a joint or body segment, measured actively or passively.Lire cette...

Reciprocal inhibition

Spinal mechanism that helps reduce activity in some antagonist muscles when a muscle group is...

Red flags

History or examination findings indicating that a serious cause should be considered and assessment adjusted...

Referred pain

Pain felt away from its source tissue, without necessarily following a nerve distribution.Lire cette fiche...

Reflex arc

Neural circuit connecting a receptor, afferent pathway, integration center and efferent pathway to an effector...

Rehabilitation

Process aimed at improving or restoring functional ability through tailored interventions, including exercise and guidance.Lire...

Repolarization

Return of membrane potential toward more negative values after depolarization, forming part of the normal...

S

Sacral insufficiency fracture

Sacral fracture occurring under ordinary loads when bone strength is reduced.Lire cette fiche en françaisIn...

Sacralization of L5

Segmentation variant in which the last lumbar vertebra is partly or completely united with the...

Sacral plexus

Network formed mainly by L4–S4 contributions, distributing fibers to the pelvis and much of the...

Sacral slope

Angle between the upper sacral endplate and horizontal, used to describe sagittal sacral orientation.Lire cette...

Sacroiliac joint

Joint between the sacrum and ilium that transfers loads between the trunk and lower limbs.Lire...

Sacroiliitis

Inflammation of one or both sacroiliac joints, including in some inflammatory spinal disorders.Lire cette fiche...

Sacrospinous ligament

Ligament connecting the sacrum and coccyx to the ischial spine, contributing to sciatic foraminal boundaries...

Sacrotuberous ligament

Ligament connecting the sacral and coccygeal region to the ischial tuberosity and contributing to posterior...

Sacrum

Triangular bone at the base of the spine, formed by fused sacral vertebrae and connected...

Saddle anesthesia

Loss of sensation around the perineum and neighbouring areas. With spinal symptoms, it is a...

T

T1-weighted sequence

A T1-weighted sequence is an MRI acquisition that emphasises differences in the longitudinal relaxation of...

T2-star-weighted sequence

MRI sequence sensitive to dephasing from local magnetic-field variation, including effects from blood products or...

T2-weighted sequence

A T2-weighted sequence is an MRI acquisition that emphasises differences in transverse tissue relaxation. Fluid...

Tarlov cyst

Cerebrospinal-fluid-filled dilation around a nerve root, often sacral and incidental but sometimes symptomatic.Lire cette fiche...

Temporal summation of pain

Increase in perceived pain during repeated similar noxious stimuli, used to investigate facilitation of pain...

Tendinopathy

Tendon disorder typically involving pain and reduced load tolerance, without necessarily involving inflammation.Lire cette fiche...

Tethered cord syndrome

Tethered cord syndrome describes neurological, orthopaedic or urinary dysfunction associated with abnormal fixation of the...

Tetraplegia

Motor impairment of all four limbs, often resulting from cervical spinal cord injury, with residual...

Thoracic back pain

Pain in the thoracic back region, with possible musculoskeletal or non-spinal causes.Lire cette fiche en...

Thoracic disc herniation

Herniation of a mid-back disc, sometimes associated with trunk pain or signs of spinal cord...