Spina bifida is a congenital defect involving closure of the posterior spinal structures. Its forms range from a small bony gap to myelomeningocele involving exposed coverings and nervous tissue, with widely varying effects on mobility, sensation and bladder function.
Different forms have different consequences
Spina bifida occulta can remain asymptomatic. A meningocele mainly contains the protective coverings, while a myelomeningocele also involves nervous tissue. Open forms reflect an early failure of neural tube closure and require a different approach from an incidental gap in vertebral bone.
Manifestations and complications
The level and extent of involvement influence leg strength, sensation and bladder or bowel control. Hydrocephalus, Chiari II or tethered cord may coexist. New weakness, urinary retention or saddle numbness requires immediate emergency assessment. Vomiting and unusual drowsiness in someone with a shunt also require urgent medical evaluation.
Diagnosis and ongoing assessment
Prenatal ultrasound and maternal testing may identify open defects. Examination and imaging after birth clarify the anatomy. Follow-up also considers kidneys, bladder, skin, joints and independence. A new change should always be compared with the person’s usual abilities and established pattern of sensation.
Treatment
Surgical closure of open defects protects exposed tissue; prenatal surgery is an option in selected pregnancies. Rehabilitation, mobility aids and urological management continue through childhood and adulthood. Preventing pressure injuries and burns is particularly important when sensation is reduced or absent.
Role of TAGMED care
Specialist multidisciplinary care remains central. TAGMED can only consider supportive care compatible with the person’s anatomy, sensation and medical restrictions. Manual treatment or motorized decompression cannot close the congenital defect or replace kidney surveillance, bladder management and specialist neurological follow-up.
Frequently asked questions
Does every form cause paralysis?
No. The functional effects vary considerably with the type and extent of involvement.
Do adults still need follow-up?
Yes, especially for bladder, kidney and neurological complications.
Does closure restore every nerve?
No. It does not necessarily reverse damage already present.
Why check the skin?
Pressure damage or a burn may otherwise go unnoticed.
Does folic acid prevent every case?
No. It lowers certain risks without providing complete protection.
Conceptual diagram: care needs depend on the form and neurological level.
Medical references
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. About Spina Bifida.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Treatment of Spina Bifida.
- American Association of Neurological Surgeons. Spina Bifida.
References document the topic; their inclusion does not imply endorsement of TAGMED services by those organizations.
Educational information from The Spine Page. This entry does not replace an individual assessment. Documentary version: October 12, 2026. Sylvain Desforges, B.Sc., D.O., N.D., osteopath and naturopath.
TAGMED clinic contact details
For non-urgent consultations and information about available services.
Clinique TAGMED — Terrebonne
1150, rue Lévis, Suite 200
Terrebonne (Québec) J6W 5S6
450‑704‑4447
Clinique TAGMED — Montréal
1140, avenue Beaumont
Mont-Royal (Québec) H3P 3E5
1‑877‑672‑9060